Stuff You Missed In History Class

Holly and Tracy talk about Ruby Payne-Scott's progressive marriage. They also cover Japan's global connectivity earlier than people may realize.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga was a samurai who led a diplomatic delegation to New Spain, Spain and Rome in the 17th century. But many of the Japanese records about their mission were lost or destroyed after they returned. Research: Carl, Katy. “Aiming for Japan and Getting Heaven Thrown In.” Genealogies of Modernity. 12/2/2020. https://genealogiesofmodernity.org/journal/2020/11/25/scales-of-value-shusaku-endos-the-samurai Christensen, Thomas. “1616: The World in Motion.” Counterpoint. 2012. https://archive.org/details/1616worldinmotio0000chri/ Corradini, Piero. “Some Problems concerning Hasekura Tsunenaga’s Embassy to the Pope." From Rethinking Japan Vol. 2. Routledge. 1995. Frederic, Louis. “Japan Encyclopedia.” Translated by Käthe Roth. 2002. https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/mode/1up Fujikawa, Mayu. “Pope Paul V’s global design.” Renaissance Studies, APRIL 2016, Vol. 30, No. 2 (APRIL 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26618847 Gessel, Van C. “Historical Background.” F

Ruby Payne-Scott is often called a pioneer in radio astronomy, but she was also a pioneer in advocating for women’s rights. She was clearly brilliant, but her work was cut short by her desire to have a spouse and a family.  Erickson, Dorothy. “Payne-Scott, Ruby Violet (1912 - 1981).” THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OFWOMEN & LEADERSHIP IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AUSTRALIA. https://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0692b.htm M. Goss and Claire Hooker. “Payne-Scott, Ruby Violet (1912–1981).” Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/payne-scott-ruby-violet-15036/text26233 Halleck, Rebecca. “Overlooked No More: Ruby Payne-Scott, Who Explored Space With Radio Waves.” New York Times. August 29, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/obituaries/ruby-payne-scott-overlooked.html “What is an Interferometer?” LIGO Caltech. https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-interferometer#:~:text=Interferometers%20are%20investigative%20tools%20used

This 2018 episode covers Levi Strauss, whose life story touches on a lot of important moments in U.S. history. His business was tied to the California Gold Rush, the U.S. Civil War and American clothing culture.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy talks about the likely wrap up of the Mother Goose series. Holly shares a story about growing up with chickens.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the 1940s the U.S. Department of Agriculture and A&P supermarkets teamed up to hold a contest to see who could breed the meatiest, most efficient, most visually appealing chicken.  Research: Audio Productions inc. “The Chicken of Tomorrow.” Documentary. (1948). Boyd, William. “Making Meat: Science, Technology, and American Poultry Production.” Technology and Culture , Oct., 2001, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Oct., 2001). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25147798 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Robert Bakewell". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Bakewell. Accessed 21 April 2023. Bugos, Glenn E. “Intellectual Property Protection in the American Chicken-Breeding Industry.” The Business History Review , Spring, 1992, Vol. 66, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3117055 Cook, Robert E. et al. “How Chicken on a Sunday Became an Anyday Treat.” USDA. 1975. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/CAIN769013731 Cornell University. “Backyard Revival: Ame

It's our third installment of shows about the origins of Mother Goose nursery rhymes. Spoiler alert: Many of the real stories are hard to pin down.  Research: Cheadle, Roberta Eaton. “Dark Origins – Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush.” Writing To Be Read. https://writingtoberead.com/2021/06/30/dark-origins-here-we-go-round-the-mulberry-bush/ Historic UK. “More Nursery Rhymes.” 4/15/2015. https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/More-Nursery-Rhymes/ Halliwell-Phillipps, J. O. “Popular rhymes and nursery tales : a sequel to the Nursery rhymes of England .” London : John Russell Smith. 1849. Howard, Jennifer. “The Realities Behind the Rhymes.” Washington Post. 6/11/1997. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/1997/06/11/the-realities-behind-the-rhymes/9fbd7d36-4bb9-4fc0-af38-58fbe3fb7e43/ Ker, John Bellenden. “An essay on the archaiology [sic] of popular English phrases and nursery rhymes.” London. Whittaker. 1834. https://archive.org/details/b29309670/ Littlechild, Chris. “The Egg-Citing Truth Behind Humpty Dumpt

This 2019 episode covers Julian of Norwich, a medieval mystic who wrote down her visions, which she called showings. In this episode, we talk about her life in context of mysticism and how it fit into the context of Christianity in medieval Europe.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy talks through the many paths she went down trying to track down Wautier's birth year. The hosts also discuss Louis Sullivan's incredibly quotable autobiography.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Louis Sullivan was an architect working in Chicago at the dawn of the skyscraper. He sought to define a new, bold style of design in the U.S., and was deeply frustrated when his peers didn’t do the same.  Research: Sullivan, Louis. “An Autobiography of an Idea.” Dover Architecture. 2012. Kindle Edition. “Louis Sullivan.” Chicago Architecture Center. https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/louis-sullivan/ “Auditorium Building.” Chicago Architecture Center. https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/buildings-of-chicago/building/auditorium-building/ Smith, Mark Richard. “Louis Sullivan – The Struggle for American Architecture.” Whitecap Films. 2010. “Charnley-Persky House Museum.” https://www.sah.org/about-sah/charnley-persky-house Glancey, Jonathan. “The city that changed architecture forever.” BBC Culture. October 5, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150930-chicago-birthplace-of-the-skyscraper “Auditorium Theater.” https://auditoriumtheatre.org/ Chewning, John A

Flemish painter Michaelina Wautier’s style was realistic and detailed, with a dark, almost somber color palette. And for a long time, she remained an unknown, even among art historians. Research: Atkins, Christopher D.M. and Jeffrey Muller, editors. “Michaelina Wautier and The Five Senses: Innovation in 17th-Century Flemish Painting.” CNA Studies. December 2022. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 2022. Atkins, Christopher and Alyssa Trejo. Email correspondence. Center for Netherlandish Art, Museum of Fine Arts Boston. 4/12/2023. “Six Paintings by 17th-Century Artist Michaelina Wautier Sought by Rubens House.” 4/26/2017. https://www.codart.nl/art-works/six-paintings-17th-century-artist-michaelina-wautier-sought-rubens-house/ Dill, Vithória Konzen. “5 Things You Should Know About Michaelina Wautier.” Daily Art Magazine. 1/8/2023. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/michaelina-wautier/ Esterow, Milton. “For Centuries, Her Art Was Forgotten, or Credited to Men. No More.” New York Times. 12/5/2022. https://www.nytimes.com

This 2015 episode covers Artemisia Gentileschi, often called the greatest female painter of the Baroque period. Her work is extraordinary, and reflects the influences of her father Orazio Gentileschi and Caravaggio.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss the commercial nature of Canaletto's work. They also talk about how Lully managed to achieve his many ambitions. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jean-Baptistle Lully is perhaps best known for the unusual circumstances of his death. But he lived a fascinating life that would rival any fictional rags-to-riches story.  Research: James R. Anthony. “Lully’s Airs. French or Italian?” The Musical Times, vol. 128, no. 1729, 1987, pp. 126–29. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/964491 Brett, Philip. “Issues in Music and Sexuality in the Long Eighteenth Century.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, vol. 33, no. 1, 2007, pp. 69–77. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41299400 Fairleigh, James P. “Lully as ‘Secrétaire Du Roi.’” Bach, vol. 15, no. 4, 1984, pp. 16–22. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41640222 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Baroque music". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/art/Baroque-music.  Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "the Fronde". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Feb. 2014, https://www.britannica.com/event/The-Fronde Anthony, James R. “The New Grove French Baroque Masters: Lully, Charp

Canaletto rose to fame painting remarkable views of Venice. He became especially popular with wealthy tourists, who commissioned his paintings as souvenirs of their travels. Research: Constable, William G.. "Canaletto". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Canaletto Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "War of the Austrian Succession". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/War-of-the-Austrian-Succession Binion, A., & Barton, L.  Canaletto. Grove Art Online.Retrieved 17 Apr. 2023, from https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000013627 “The Stonemason’s Yard.” The National Gallery. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/canaletto-the-stonemasons-yard “London: Interior of the Rotunda at Ranelagh.” The National Gallery. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/canaletto-london-interior-of-the-rotunda-at-ranelagh “Canaletto’s Drawings.” Royal Collection Trust. ht

This 2017 episode covers Great Zimbabwe, a massive stone city in southeastern Africa that was a thriving trade center from the 11th to 15th centuries. When Europeans learned of it in the 16th century, they were certain it wasn't African at all.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss the ways they speculate about the backstories of the many finds that appear on Unearthed!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

To wrap up Unearthed! for spring 2023, we've got potpourri, jewelry and adornments, edibles and potables, mistaken identity stories, repatriations, and the always popular shipwrecks. Research: Agence France-Presse. “New Easter Island moai statue discovered in volcano crater.” The Guardian. 1/3/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/02/new-easter-island-moai-statue-discovered-in-volcano-crater Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredible’ Roman bathers’ gems lost 2,000 years ago found near Hadrian’s Wall.” The Observer. 1/28/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/28/roman-bathers-gems-carved-stones-archaeologists-hadrians-wall Amador, Marisela. “Swiss museum returns two artifacts to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy.” The Canadian Press. Town and Country Today. 2/22/2023. https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/beyond-local/swiss-museum-returns-two-artifacts-to-the-haudenosaunee-iroquois-confederacy-6589516 Amundsen, Bard. “World’s oldest rune stone found in Norway, archaeologists believe.” Science N

The first part of our spring 2023 edition of Unearthed! features updates, books and letters, fabric, mummies, and a whole bunch of stuff involving skulls or bones. Research:  Agence France-Presse. “New Easter Island moai statue discovered in volcano crater.” The Guardian. 1/3/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/02/new-easter-island-moai-statue-discovered-in-volcano-crater Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredible’ Roman bathers’ gems lost 2,000 years ago found near Hadrian’s Wall.” The Observer. 1/28/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/28/roman-bathers-gems-carved-stones-archaeologists-hadrians-wall Amador, Marisela. “Swiss museum returns two artifacts to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy.” The Canadian Press. Town and Country Today. 2/22/2023. https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/beyond-local/swiss-museum-returns-two-artifacts-to-the-haudenosaunee-iroquois-confederacy-6589516 Amundsen, Bard. “World’s oldest rune stone found in Norway, archaeologists believe.” Science Norway. 1/17/2023.

This 2018 episode covers the many ways people have dealt with heat and humidity in history. As mechanical cooling became more ubiquitous, some of the cultural practices for keeping cool were made obsolete.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.